There’s a common stereotype: BMW drivers never bother to use their turn signals. I joked about it. Then I bought my first used BMW. One turn signal bulb had been burned out–for who knows how long–and no previous owners had noticed or fixed it.

The Discover Cars website recently did a study to see who uses their turn signals least. But this time, it collected data in a European city. Would the same stereotype hold true in a place where BMWs are just regular old police cars and taxis, not fancy fast imports? Yup. They found that during average driving, 19.3% of BMW drivers didn’t bother to signal.

How did they come up with t these numbers? They recruited students from the “Match” marketing company’s summer school. These students spent at least 90 minutes observing each of six different busy intersections. They kept notes on all 1,493 cars they observed, which drivers bothered with their turn signals, and the make of each car.

The researchers averaged out turn signal use for each make. They also only included makes they had observed at least 29 times. Here are the results.